Explore important strategies and knowledge areas for managing fungal diseases in gram crops. Learn about best practices for prevention, identification, and control methods relevant to agriculture.
What is a typical early sign of Ascochyta blight in gram crops that farmers should look for to detect infection quickly?
Explanation: Circular brown spots on leaves are commonly seen in early Ascochyta blight infections in gram. Wilting of roots is more typical of root rot diseases, yellowing pod tips often signal nutrient deficiency, and webbing on stems is usually associated with pest infestations like spider mites, not fungal blight.
Which factor most strongly contributes to rapid spread of fungal diseases in gram fields during the growing season?
Explanation: High humidity and frequent rainfall create conditions that favor spore germination and disease proliferation. Low soil fertility can stress plants but does not directly cause faster disease spread, high sunlight exposure generally reduces fungal survival, and frequent tillage impacts weeds or soil health more than fungal disease spread.
Which cultural practice can help minimize fungal infection in gram crops when preparing fields for sowing?
Explanation: Rotating gram with non-legume crops breaks the infectious cycle of many fungi specific to pulses. Applying excess nitrogen can harm plants, deep flooding is not typical for gram, and using seeds from the previous harvest risks introducing infected material.
When is the most effective timing for fungicide application to control fungal diseases in gram crops?
Explanation: Fungicides are most effective when applied at the first sign of disease, preventing further spread. Application just before harvest or during seed dormancy is generally ineffective, and waiting for heavy rainfall may allow the disease to become too severe.
Why is planting disease-resistant gram varieties considered a key method for sustainable fungal disease management?
Explanation: Disease-resistant varieties have specific genetic traits that reduce infection and disease severity. They do not eliminate all pests or negate irrigation needs, and their growth rate is not inherently faster than others, making the resistance trait the main advantage.