Test your knowledge of the Spring Framework and key Advanced Java concepts with these easy yet essential interview-style questions. This quiz helps you review Spring architecture, dependency injection, Java fundamentals, and common technologies used in enterprise Java development.
Which of the following best describes the main purpose of the Spring Framework in Java application development?
Explanation: The Spring Framework is designed to simplify Java application development by offering a lightweight, modular structure that includes support for dependency injection, AOP, and more. It is not specifically for graphic interface design (which uses different libraries), nor does it focus only on mobile devices. It also does not convert Java code to machine code—that is handled by the Java compiler and JVM.
In Spring, which term refers to providing an object’s dependencies from outside the class instead of creating them inside the class?
Explanation: Dependency Injection (DI) allows objects to receive their dependencies from external sources at runtime, which promotes loose coupling. Method overloading refers to having multiple methods with the same name but different parameters. Class encapsulation hides internal details, and abstract initialization is not a recognized Java concept.
What is the main difference between Spring’s BeanFactory and ApplicationContext containers?
Explanation: ApplicationContext extends BeanFactory by providing extra features such as event propagation and internationalization support. BeanFactory is the simplest container and does not have these features. Both support XML configuration and can manage beans; the other options are incorrect or misleading.
Which concept in Spring enables separation of cross-cutting concerns such as logging or security from core business logic?
Explanation: Aspect-Oriented Programming (AOP) allows developers to separate concerns like logging and transaction management from business logic, making code cleaner and easier to maintain. Object-oriented inheritance allows classes to inherit properties, interface segregation refers to design principles, and constructor injection is just one method of dependency injection.
Which pattern does the Spring MVC framework use to organize web applications?
Explanation: Spring MVC is based on the Model-View-Controller (MVC) pattern, which separates concerns into three interconnected components. Pipe-and-filter, builder, and proxy patterns are unrelated to web application organization in this context.
What is the primary use of the @Autowired annotation in Spring applications?
Explanation: @Autowired is used by the Spring container to automatically resolve and inject collaborating beans. It is not related to transaction management, marking the entry point, or configuring logging, which are handled differently.
Which statement correctly describes Spring Boot compared to the basic Spring Framework?
Explanation: Spring Boot enhances Spring by providing features like auto-configuration and embedded servers, which simplify the development process. It is not limited to mobile applications, nor is it a testing tool. Spring Boot is optional; you can use Spring Framework without Spring Boot.
Which Spring annotation is commonly used to define a generic component bean, not specifically tied to any application layer?
Explanation: @Component is the basic annotation for marking a bean as a component, without assigning it to a specific layer. @Service and @Repository are used for business and data access layers, respectively. @Module is not a standard Spring annotation.
What is a key feature that distinguishes an interface from an abstract class in Java?
Explanation: Java allows multiple interface implementations, providing greater flexibility, whereas only a single abstract class can be extended. Interfaces cannot have constructors, and both abstract classes and interfaces can contain methods. The statement about multiple interfaces is incorrect.
Which statement best describes the difference between Servlets and JSP in Java web development?
Explanation: Servlets are Java classes designed to process HTTP requests, while JSP (JavaServer Pages) primarily helps generate dynamic web content with embedded Java code. JSP does not run on desktops, nor is it a data transfer protocol. Servlets are not mainly for database management, though they may interact with databases as part of request processing.